Love Affairs in The Tale of Genji

Hello, everyone. Today I want to introduce you some of the world of “The Tale of Genji” that Japan treasures. “The tale of Genji” is the world oldest literature that was  written about 1,000 years ago. It is not an oral literature, it was written by a woman Murasaki Shikibu who was working for the court. Murasaki Shikibu was from a good family and highly intellectual as well as beautiful, she was in the position of high class bureaucrat in those days.

The Tale of Genji Wikipedia
源氏物語 ウィキペディア

みなさん、こんにちは。今日は日本が誇る源氏物語の世界を少しご紹介したいと思います。源氏物語は約一千年前に書かれた、世界で最も古い歴史を持つ小説です。口承文学ではなく、紫式部という宮仕えの女房(当時では家柄も知性も器量も申し分ない、高級官僚とでも言えるような地位にある女性)が書き綴った長編小説です。

For English readers , the book translated by Arthur Waley is famous and not few people from abroad know the title of the book. I was asked several times what “The Tale of Genji” is like, and I always answer that it’s about a book of a playboy prince who experience many love affairs. In Japan, there is a genre of court literature that has longer history than France, and in Heian period (794~1185) the court literature that depicted the lifestyle of aristocrats and the emperor family was thriving richly.

英語翻訳ではアーサー・ウェイリーが手がけた”the Tale of Genji” が有名で、読んだことはなくともこの本の存在を聞いたことがある外国人は多くいます。私は彼らに源氏物語とはどんな話なのかを聞かれる度「遊び人の王子が沢山恋をする話だよ」と答えています。日本では、フランスより古くから宮廷文学という文学があり、時の天皇に仕えた宮廷人の生活を描いた文学が平安時代(794年〜1185年) に栄えました。

The court literature that flourished affluently was mainly written by women authors, not only Murasaki Shikibu but Sei Shoagon who was the pioneer of essayist is also very well known. Think of classical European literature that of England, France, Germany, and Russia or ancient philosophy of Greco-Roman times, most of the works had been produced by male writers until modern days. On the other hand, Japan treasures 1,000 years of women literature and it is still highly respected and being very fond of. I am so proud of the history of Japan.

豊かに花開いた宮廷文学を支えた書き手は、紫式部をはじめとして随筆作家(エッセイスト)の先駆けの清少納言などの女性の書き手でした。ギリシア・ローマ時代の昔から、イギリス、ドイツ、フランス、ロシアなどの西洋の古典文学や古代哲学が近代になるまでほとんど男性が書き残したものであることを鑑みると、女流文学という千年もの歴史を持つ文化遺産が今も息づいている日本のことを、大変誇らしく思います。

In Japanese we have a unique term for a girl who loves literature as “literature girl”. I feel some kind of affection toward the word.

日本語には文学を愛する少女のことを「文学少女」という風に呼ぶ表現があり、その言葉でさえも愛おしいものがあります。

As I mentioned “The Tale of Genji” was written 1,000 years ago, and it is very different from modern Japanese. In Japanese high school, students learn it in classical Japanese class. To study classical Japanese is valued in Japan and it can be compared and contrasted with English Public School students study Greek and Latin.

源氏物語は千年もの昔に書かれた書物であり、現代の日本語とは大きく異なります。日本の高校では古典の時間に源氏物語を学びますが、古典の素養に価値が置かれているのは、イギリスのパブリック・スクールで生徒がギリシア・ラテン語を学ぶことと比較対照できるかもしれません。

In the book of Genji, there is a famous scene ‘appraisal on a rainy night’. At a night of a long rainy day in a rainy season, nobilities that represent the era get together and discuss over women. Who is a good woman?  They say this or that with their own episodes. Murasaki Shikibu made the aristocrats talk freely as she like and for the conclusion, she wrote that truly attractive woman is someone who is talented and intelligent, and she closed with the conversation that the attractive lady also must have her own ideas and opinions. Murasaki Shikibu hints and euphemistically suggests that she herself is elegant and glamorous, and it is very interesting indeed.

「雨夜の品定め」と言って、梅雨時の長雨が降る夜に地位も高く誉も高い当代一の男達が集って、いい女とはどんなものか、女と交わし合った文なども見せ合って女を品定めする場面があります。色男達に散々語らせておいて、結論としてのいい女像は、著者の紫式部自身を彷彿させる理知的で自分の意見をしっかりと持った才能のある人がいい女だとまとめている所が、彼女の強い自己主張を感じさせていて一興に値します。

There is a background why female writers yielded court literature. You can find the secret spring in the love life of the aristocrats in those days. Marriage for them was a polyamory and a style that a man visit a woman’s residence where they live separately was common. The way to make sure their love was done by exchanging love poem letters. In the love poem, they use symbols and metaphors and the imagination of one another lit the fire to the love. For example, if you write a word of a bird bush warbler it implies the bird chirping, and chirping implies crying and it means the person is crying for her lover missing him badly.

女性の書き手が宮廷文学を生み出したのには、当時の貴族達の恋愛形態にその源泉を探ることが出来ます。当時の結婚は今でいうところのポリアモリー、つまり多重婚であり、別々に住む男が女の元へと訪れるという通い婚でした。互いの愛を確認し合う方法は、和歌を詠んだ文を送り合いその和歌の中に表象として様々な記号をしのばせて、二重三重に意味を持たせて互いの恋心を焚きつけ合うという情趣のある習わしでした。例えば「ウグイス→鳴く→泣く→あなたを想って泣く」というように、互いが想像力を駆使しあい、愛を確かめ合うというものでした。

A man and a woman couldn’t date often, they couldn’t talk about one another openly nor show each other everything. The time that you can’t see your lover made the love deeper and more sentimental, and it was sheerly aristocratical. And ladies who were blessed with the talent of poem-making were dearly loved by men. And the literature talent was admired as beauty. The heritage that Heian era aristocrats left for us can be found in “The Tale of Genji” and the elegance and the sad beautiful stories in the book is a supreme treasure not only for Japan but for all over the world.

男女が頻繁に逢瀬を重ね、互いのことを語り尽くして全てを見せ合うというような恋愛様式ではなく、会えない時間こそがその恋心を深めゆくという、誠に文学的な貴族の営みでした。そして和歌の才のある女性が殿方の寵愛を一身に集め、その才こそが美であるとされたのです。平安朝の貴族達が後世に残してくれたこの源氏物語という文学に宿る、雅でそして時に悲哀にも彩られた美しい物語は、日本だけでなくあまねく世界の至宝なのです。

This is a first try for me to write about Japanese literature in detail, but I hope to write more about it that is lyrical and enigmatic from time to time. I wish you are attracted to the charm of Japan and hoping to learn more about Japan.

日本の文学を掘り下げて語るのは今回が初めての試みですが、これからは日本文学という叙情的で不可思議な魅力を湛えた文学の話も時折書いて行きたいと思います。日本の魅力に惹きつけられ、より日本を知りたいと思って頂けたらとても嬉しく思います。

That’s all for today. Blessings to each one of you.

それでは、またお目にかかりましょう。皆様にご多幸がありますように。

麗しの日本語

Philosophy of the Blog

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