Hojoki; Kamono Chomei

方丈記、Hojoki, 鴨長明、下鴨神社、鴨川、京都、Shimogamo Shrine, Kamo river, Kyoto literature, Japanese classical literature, 古典文学、バイリンガル、ゆく河の流れは、心の故郷

It’s about classical literature, Kyoto, and the land of Japanese heart for today. I completed reading ‘Hojoki’ by Kamono Chomei (1155-1216) written in 1212. The introduction of the essay goes “Streaming water is ceaseless, yet the water is not the same. Bubbles coming up in corner vanish and appear, they never stay the same.” The lines are adopted for classical Japanese textbook in high school, and many people learn it by heart. Kamono Chomei was born in Shinto priest family of Kyoto, Shimogamo Shrine. Then, I picked up photos of the premises and Kamo River nearby that I visited during my graduate school period in Kyoto.

本日は古典文学のお話、京都のお話、日本人の心の故郷のお話を。鴨長明(1155-1216)が著した『方丈記』(1212年に成立)を読了した。「ゆく河の流れは絶えずして、しかももとの水にあらず。よどみに浮かぶうたかたは、かつ消えかつ結びて、久しくとどまりたるためしなし。」という出だしは高校の古典の教科書にも採用されており、暗唱している人も多い。鴨長明は京都は下鴨神社(鴨御祖神社)の神職の家に生まれたそうだ。それならばと京都の大学院在学中に訪れた下鴨神社と、その近くを流れる鴨川の写真を取り出してきた。

Prof. Fukuoka Shinichi studied in Kyoto university who admires Kamono Chomei often quotes the lines of ‘Hojoki’ in his essays and explains dynamic equilibrium, the core of being that is sustaining life shifting sleeplessly. A book of Prof. Fukuoka was a smash hit, analyzing the essence of ‘Hojoki’ from the perspective of biologist. Water is the origin of life, and the water never gets stagnant, always running through. That’s nothing but the secret of all creatures great and small. And old Kamono Chomei was seeing evanescent, uncertain, and transient truth there.

鴨長明をこよなく愛する京都大学で学んだ福岡伸一先生は、エッセイでもよくこの『方丈記』の言葉を用い、動的平衡(絶えず動きながら絶えずバランスを取り戻そうとしている、生命の本質)について書いている。福岡先生の御本『生物と無生物のあいだ』は、方丈記に書かれているものを生物学者としての視点で読み解いたとも言える好著だ。水は生命の根源であり、その水が絶えず流れているところに生きとし生けるものの本質があるのだと、鴨長明翁はそこに常ならざること、つまり無常を見ていた。

Reading along ‘Hojoki’, it is saying nothing is eternal, that reminds me of the melody of the Lamentations of the Old Testament, or the circulating ring of homeostasis. However it is not saying that life is just vacant nor void. It was also written reminiscent beauty of homeland of our heart. One must read classical literature with original script, you can encounter something genuine there.

『方丈記』を読んでいると、この世に久しきことなし、全ては虚しく朽ち果てるという旧約聖書の哀歌のような音の調べがあり、それはまたホメオスタシスの巡る環のようでもあり、しかし空疎でただただ虚しいだけが人生の全てであるとは書かれておらず、懐かしい心の故郷も描かれていた。やはり古典というものは、原文で読んでこそ見えてくる景色がある。

It is said Kamono Chomei built a shack of 3 meters square, and he had a seclusion life in it. But the description of the interior is stunning. The eaves, turfs, bamboo blind, shelf for offering water and flower for Buddhist alter, paper shield door, picture of Amida, painting of Bosatsu, Buddhist sutra, straws of bracken for night bed, bamboo hanging shelf, 3 cups of tree bark basket, Waka poems, string instrument, written quotes of Buddhism teaching, Koto harp, Biwa harp, Origoto harp, and another harp. The inside of the dwelling harbors this beauty.

三メートル四方の庵、今で言うプレハブの様な掘建小屋を立てて、その中で隠遁生活をしたという鴨長明であるが、その庵の中のしつらえの描写が美しい。庇(ひさし)、芝折り、竹の簀の子、閼伽棚(あかだな、仏に備える水や花、仏具などを置く棚)、障子、阿弥陀の絵像、普賢菩薩を描き、法花経、蕨のほとろ(わらびの穂が伸び過ぎてほおけたもの)を夜の床とし、竹のつり棚、黒き皮籠三合、和歌、管弦、往生要集のごとき抄物(抜き書きしたもの)、琴、琵琶、折琴、継琵琶、仮の庵のありようかくの如し、だ。

And it is sheltered the writer’s rich inner intellectual life. The heart that venerates aesthetic sensitivity, religion, art, and music is here. If one is living closely with these cherished items, the one’s soul will be appeased and fulfilled. And if one also possesses paper, brush, suzuri, and table, the writing will go smooth further and further.

そこでは豊かな文人生活、知的内的生活が守られている。情操、宗教、藝術、音楽、住まい方を慈しむ心がある。これだけのものに囲まれていたら、贅を尽くさずとも心は満ち足りるものがあろう、と。それに紙と筆と硯と台があれば、文筆は捗るだろう、と。

And another favorite part is here. The turf hermitage had a watchman, there were many kids and Kamono Chomei played with them as pals in the fields of mountain, feeling compassion. “Our age is far apart, but they console me just the same.”

そしてもう一箇所好きなところはこちら。芝の庵には山守がおり、小童が沢山おり、その子らを友として遊び、野山に心が慰められるところ。「その齢ことのほかなれど、心を慰むること、これ同じ」と。

Gathering thatch flower, rock pear, propagule, and Japanese parsley. Picking fallen grains and make a structure. When sunny climbing up a peak and overlooking the sky of his hometown, and comforting himself. Praying for Ishima and worshiping stone mountain, going through Awazu, visiting remains of Old SemiUta, going across Tagami river, stopping by a tomb of a warrior. Appreciating cherry blossoms, seeking for colored leaves, bending bracken, picking up nuts, and offering them for a Buddhist statue. Moon from a window, fireflies in a bush, rain of dawn, and a mountain bird hoots.

茅花(つばな)をぬき、岩梨をとり、むかごをもぎ取り、芹を摘む。山裾の田で落穂を拾い穂組を作る。うららかなれば峰によぢ登りて、はるかにふるさとの空を望み、心を慰むる。石間にもうで、石山をおがみ、粟津(あはづ)の腹を分けて、蝉歌の翁が跡をとぶらひ、田上河を渡て、猿丸大夫が墓をたづぬ。桜を狩り、紅葉を求め、蕨を折り、木の実をひろいて、かつは仏に奉り、窓の月、くさむらの蛍、暁の雨、山鳥のほろと鳴く。

When I’m reading here, memories of childhood bubble up. Played in fields, gonged a huge bell of a mountain temple, walked in a lonesome bamboo forest, went down by a stream, played house picking wild flowers on a hill, weaved a crown of lotus flower and white clover seeing rapeseed flower in spring. Caught a frog at rice field bank, kept a crawfish that I caught with brother, nursed a sparrow that was fallen on the ground and it was gone before I knew, then felt unease in the evening. The smell of outdoor toilet at grandfather’s house at night, the huge pit. Dug Bamboo shoot in spring, ate loquat fruit in early summer picking from the tree. Garden rock full of moss, trap to hunt a raccoon, and a weasel running away. Like a fountain, memories spring up.

ここを読んでいると、私自身の子供時代の思い出が湧き出でてくる。野山に遊び、山寺の鐘を鳴らし、寂しい竹藪を歩き、小川の流れる河原に降り、裏山の花を摘んでままごとをし、春は菜の花を見ながら蓮華やシロツメクサの王冠を編み、田んぼの脇ではカエルをとり、兄と一緒に捕まえて来たザリガニを飼い、道に落ちていた雀を介抱し、その雀はいつの間にかいなくなり、夕方になると恐ろしい心地がして。祖父の家の夜の厠の匂い、ぼっとん便所、春の筍ほり、初夏には枇杷の実をもいで食べたこと、苔むす大きな庭石、狸を捕まえるための罠、イタチが走り逃げる様。水が和泉より湧き出すかの様に、次々と思い出される。

And pondering the time I play with niece and nephew outside. Pick flowers that mother grew in the garden, decorate them at the entrance. Go see cherry blooms at riverside, climb mountain and overlook our hometown, throw in pebbles to a river on a walking path, and play soccer and dodge ball in mother’s garden under the cold dim sky. My heart is also comforted by the little ones.

そして姪っ子と甥っ子が生まれてからの、一緒に過ごす外遊びの時を思う。母が植えた畑に咲く花を摘み玄関に飾り、川辺の桜を見にゆき、山に登り故郷を見下ろし、散歩道では川に石を投げ、母の庭で寒空の下ドッジボールやサッカーをして。私の心もまた、子らに慰められている。

And like a running stream, vanishing and appearing, I treasure the land of heart that seems everlasting for ever and ever.

そして、ゆく河の流れの様に、かつ消え、かつ結びながら、いつまでも変わらずにあるかの様に思える心の故郷を思う。



参考文献
*『新訂 方丈記』市古貞次校注、岩波書店、1989年
*『生物の無生物のあいだ』福岡伸一、講談社現代新書、2007年
*『聖書 新改訳』(旧約聖書、哀歌)いのちのことば社、1970年



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